没有力荐这本书是因为我对南怀瑾及佛教有疑惑。我看的 是老古出版社刘雨虹整理的《金刚经说什么》的简体电子版。
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先说书。
禅宗经典金刚经+南怀瑾教学讲义+出版社的细心整理,单从表达金刚经的内容来看这本书非常不错。以前我看到的不少南老师的言论都出自这本书中,也曾经疯狂推崇南老师这样一个禅门大学。我想现在如果一个世俗的人想从经文出发来理解金刚经,这本书应该成为必读之物。至少读完之后,可以说我读过《金刚般若波罗蜜经》之类的话;并可以把“应无所住而生其心”,“若以色见我,以音声求我,是人行邪道,不能见如来”,“一切有为法,如梦幻泡影,如露亦如电,应作如是观”等作为口头禅来反驳那些迷信的人了。
以前我一直把这本书看成和佛教经典一般神圣的玩意儿,想找个庄严的场合抽出一些时间来专心研读;因此我一直没有机会看到这本书的全部内容。不过这次看书,我可完全没有以前的虔诚了——完全只作为打发时间的闲书,并且有时是作为厕读物!所以如果有人说我毁佛谤佛的话,现在就可以声讨我;而我也是抱了“我不入地狱,谁入地狱”的心的。
读这本书的过程中我的感受反而是在书外,完全的书外;因为读书的过程让我明白了一个浅显的道理:只听一面之辞肯定不对。以前我只是从别人口中知道南怀瑾老师多么博学,只是看到他的一些比较著名的话(诗句),就对他推崇至极。但当我真正把这本书看到三分之一的时候,我才意识到之前的一些观点只是我的一厢情愿,我受断章取义荼毒太深了!在《金刚经说什么》中,南老师的确有很多经典的句子,很有启示意义;但是必须承认的是,其中也有很多不那么由衷的话,当然也有那些由衷的却不尽然正确的话。
比如,对于经文中对于“如来”,“世尊”,“我”等不能混用的讲究,说出来实在是画蛇添足;这不禁让人联想起中学语文阅读理解中的惯用题目:文中的xx为什么不能换成xx?写作的过程我们都会遇到遣词造句的问题,但最终选定的哪个词可能恰恰就是因为个人喜好——毕竟词语是无法完整表达真实意境的,最多只是逼近。我们无法得知迦叶尊者在整理佛陀言论的时候的想法,也无法得知鸠摩罗什三藏法师在翻译经文时的想法;同时我们也无法得知迦叶与释迦牟尼之间的理解是否一致,鸠摩罗什的年代距离佛陀在世时的梵文词义变化,经文译完之后汉语的词义变化。这么多不确定的因素在一起,足以让我们现在理解的佛陀的想法和现在我们看到的金刚经的句子相差很大。另外,如果考虑到一个人时间段内的想法的差异的话,那或许只能用“拈花微笑”(或许应该是哭笑)来应对经文中的意思了。过去不可得,现在不可得,未来不可得。当然,研磨词句是必要的,但是对于经中的句子都这样掰(尤其是这些本来意思就含糊的词),不难看出南老师太吹毛求疵了。
南老师在书中喜欢用现代的眼光来看待佛教,我个人认为这非常好!但是用一些物理、生物、地理的看似正确的例子来解释经文中的句子,就显得太勉强了。扯到什么“原子”、“分子”之类的话,多少有些故弄玄虚;释迦牟尼佛当时的世界观没有意识到这些的存在大概是必然的吧;如果真有,大概只是类似德谟克利特等人理解的原子论吧。如果有人猜测世尊“悉知悉见”的话,一个明显的反驳的理由就是为何世尊当时没有将植物当成众生来看?当然,南老师很可能是以一种调侃的口吻来说的,毕竟《金刚经说什么》只是根据南怀瑾的讲习授课整理的,而南老师本身就不是那种拘谨的道学家。然而,对于我这样被一个理性冲昏头脑的人来说,总感觉不合时宜。南老师用地外生命来解释“三千大千世界”,并再一次赞扬了释迦牟尼一把,这样的理解是不是太机械了点?总感觉南怀镜老师喜欢给佛教贴上”科学“的金,但是这两者实在不应该有太多的联系。不过南老师在说“须弥山是不是珠穆朗玛峰“的问题上可没有和其他一些学者一般固执,话说那些学者研究这种问题的学者也真够无聊的。
南老师在有些场合也会说佛教经典有点自卖自夸的成分,比如经中”其福胜彼“之类的话时,南老师也调侃了一下——这大概有种无奈吧——不能直言说出,却只能带有戏谑地委婉道出。另外,南老师在讲经的时候也出现了前后不一致的问题,比如在金刚经对“空”的理解上,前面说此经不是讲空的,后面又着重强调空,最后又提到“不住”才是主旨而不是“性空”。并且在功德、福德上,南的说法也有些出入。当然以此说书讲得不对肯定是错误的,连佛陀都在《金刚经》中把他说法四十九的话都给推翻了。
再次声明,指出这些并不是说书不好,只是部分说法值得商榷。
————————————————————
说说南怀瑾其人。
南老先生前几天(2012.9.29)刚去世,祝老先生一路走好。
很多人说南老师是国学大师,却也有人说其是江湖骗子。不禁想起了Bjarne Stroustrup的一句话:There are only two kinds of programming languages: those people always bitch about and those nobody uses。
对人也一样,所以人怕出名猪怕壮——正如南所说:清福才是真的福气。
南怀瑾的言论中的确犯过些错误,张中行对《论语别裁》中的不少说法都有批评(我没看完,没资格说太多),比如“毋友不如己者”,作为一个研究者指出异见是必要的,应该赞扬这种做法。但有人因此而得出南怀瑾是骗子就不对了。闻道有先后,术业有专攻。人非圣贤,怎么能什么都对呢?(乱入:“圣贤”这词有误导作用,建议文化部取缔或不建议使用)认为一个人牛逼就认为他在各个方面都牛逼,这个人肯定在意淫。由此可得,因南怀瑾讲经说错而说他不学无术的人的想法肯定是有问题的。
有人批评南在讲习佛教的时候,总喜欢把道教、儒教、基督教的理论掺和进来,不伦不类,并嗤之为外道邪魔。有这种念头的人肯定没认真考虑过佛教是什么。为什么要认为拉开教义之间的间距呢?又是出于什么原因有各种信仰呢?尽管有一点卖弄文学的意思,但是南在这点上的做法我举双手赞成。
有人说南怀瑾喜欢附势,玩弄权术;还有人说南怀瑾假借双修之名行淫乱之事。以我的粗浅的见解,我认为这是存在的;毕竟无风不起浪。凭我仅从网上得知的结果,我至少可以确定的一点是南老师并不是我以前想象中的那样伟岸;至少他在我心目中不再是神坛上的人物(任何人都不应该是,之前有这种想法只能说明我太肤浅了!)。他的所说与所作有些出入。如果确实程度如贬损南怀瑾的说法的话,那光淫乱之事足可以说明他非善类;不过如果只是俗人不了解真谛而诬陷的话,那就另有一说了。天涯上有个帖子的一段深合我意:
这个问题上,还是得套用南老师的那句话“清者自清,浊者自浊”;如人饮水,冷暖自知。
————————————————————
扯几句佛教。
佛教没有宣传中的那样神圣。因为南怀瑾的事我无意中八卦出“佛陀和观音哥哥的性能力比较研究”这篇文章并坚持看完了!锁骨观音、鱼篮观音等故事想必都有耳闻(我也听说),佛祖的那个故事应该也是有的(毕竟作者贴出了经文的原文)。再联系佛教的起源,十八罗汉,维摩诘,龙树菩萨等人物故事,我相信这些都是经典上实实在在存在的。可恨的是那些神化、美化佛教的人!同时,我也认为汉传佛教(禅、净、律为主)和原印度的佛教在形式和内容上差异很大;至于说为什么还称为佛教,大概是因为外来的和尚好念经吧。
个人愚见,佛教真正告诉我们的是要发善心、不盲目;但言下还有个程度的区别。所以如果要称自己相信佛教的观点的话,少作恶少迷信才是正道;把这样的观点传播开来,那就功德无量了。
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