一次不愉快的尝试及思考(5)

用latex的一些总结

nonoob posted @ Fri, 07 Sep 2012 00:40:27 +0800 in NoTech , 8673 readers

用latex时间并不长,不过还是有些想吐槽;班门弄斧,可能就要贻笑大方了。

  • 别用latex写中文文档,尤其是含公式不是那么多的情况下。xelatex是latex中文解决方法中比较先进的方法,虽然有xeCJK等包,但是谈起美观来说并不见得咋地。tex本来就不是为非英语母语的人设计的,谁能指望中文中能有和ff中间的横连写相媲美的排版呢?书写文档的效率是一个极大的问题;而更令人发指的就是会有各种过时的package——比如我五月份定制的一个模板现在就没用了(而且是texlive2012和miktex都没有用!)所以现在考虑毕业论文不打算用latex写了(当然如果我不小心用上了luatex之类并感觉中文解决方案良好的话可以另当别论)。
  • pdflatex并不是写paper之类文档的首选,对bibtex支持之渣足以让人望而却步;paper之类的东西本身就不需要做得有hyperref这种玩意儿。
  • 作为一个既用Linux却又不得不用Windows的用户,装MikTeX或CTeX套件纯粹是找抽的;清一色的texlive才是王道(毕竟这是由TUG亲自维护的)。作为一个码农,用winedt写tex文件不得不说是下下之策;随便找个习惯的editor比如vim/emacs之类的都足了,习惯eclipse的话装个texlipse才是正经。为什么需要用这种渣一样还要注册的winedt呢?数落一下winedt的不是吧:
  1. 中文编码是永久的伤,乱码一坨一坨的;好些时候得改变编码才行。
  2. 添加的label更改后必须要刷新之后才能定位到正确的位置,而且对\subsection这样的环境来说如果不显式写出label都不会给个书签之类的东西——这让人如何定位啊!
  3. 语法高亮的功能就那么几种,而且还经常出错——比如lstlisting中出现$符号居然后面的文字的都变成了math mode的了。
  4. 假装有了定位起始终结符的功能,可是我发现好几次都把我的数学display环境的范围给搞错了。
  5. 有几个没多少实质的代码补全功能,比如输入\ begin{itemize}}后其实会把\end{itemize}也给补上且光标定位到这之间;但问题是如果有某个environment之后有参数(比如\begin{multicols}{2})这种功能就全失效了。倒不如texlipse中每次遇到环境时敲回车就补全end来得实在。
  6. 命令行控制台整个就是一个鸡肋,到现在为止我都不知道在windows下的tex editor为什么需要有这种玩意儿;把原有的控制台功能增强一点不就得了?
  7. 快捷键异常难用。比如我常用的块注释,竟然需要我同时按ctrl+shift+alt+$\rightarrow$才行;设计UI的人似乎从来没关心过我这种快捷键控的心态!
  • 要做成比较花哨的slides的话,beamer绝对不是首选;latex本来就不是设计出来用来放幻灯片的。如果只是因为有一块一块的公式而全用latex写slides的话大部分情况下是自讨苦吃,完全可以对把这些公式单独做成pdf或通用图片式然后插进来(话说这种插入的功能在纯latex编写中也是非常常见的)。对于slides产生的效果来说,beamer本身提供的并不让人满意,ConTeX非常灵活但是对我来说还是太麻烦了;impressive赫赫有名,liyanrui兄的cikala应该很不错(只看过demo但没用过)。但我仍觉得如果是企业里的那种slides的话用latex做实在没必要;学术上除非很formal的东西用latex也是个大坑。
  • 涉及到的矢量图如果要求不十分高的情况下用latexdraw之类工具或dot进行转换也可以解决大部分问题了。tikz可算是二维图比较简单的package了,但是用起来还是显得不方便。
  • 书写latex的时候,千万需要之前就思考好整体的排版样式;要不然在微调某些environment时会很伤。倒不是说不能,tex的灵活性那是没话说的,latex的高可定制性也比ms word这种非专业排版工具强很多。在编写数学公式时,最好的办法是先手写下来,要不一不小心就写岔了。
  • latex的cls/sty定制把内容和显示形式很好地分开了,而开放的格式又让它可以经由其他parser生成各种合适的pdf,dvi格式(或因此生成pdf/ps格式等等);非常符合现代设计思想。但问题是排版是一门细活,的确不是写作本身;所以用latex编写势必会影响行文的思路,尤其是对我这样的新手而言。精工出细活,对于我这种impatient的人来说,尽管仍然对其产生的优美的文档惊羡不已,但是还是感觉不适合;这种感觉就像我现在对C++的感受一样。
  • 诡异的是,我想到了一句话:“成功的花,人们只惊羡她现实的明艳;然而当初她的芽儿,浸透了奋斗的泪泉,洒遍了牺牲的血雨”。所以,我依然非常敬佩习惯了用tex写文档的。
zaeneas said:
Fri, 07 Sep 2012 22:54:33 +0800

或者你可以考虑试一下这货
http://yihui.name/knitr/

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nonoob said:
Sat, 08 Sep 2012 09:39:06 +0800

@zaeneas: 是谢益晖大大的作品啊!先记下了^_^不过我个人感觉R写report还不够成熟(比如阳志平大大的那篇),过几年再试试吧

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Garfileo said:
Tue, 11 Sep 2012 15:09:28 +0800

嗯,impressive 和 cikada 是用来放映演示文档的

xixi said:
Sun, 16 Sep 2012 18:47:40 +0800

嗯,用latex写书什么还是很不错的。

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nonoob said:
Sun, 16 Sep 2012 19:46:41 +0800

@xixi: 我觉得论起专业估计没有什么能和tex系排版工具媲美;只是在没有熟练掌握它之前要想做好很费时= =

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